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Social and economic background influences survival in intensive care: Research with societal impact

Social and economic background influences survival in intensive care: Research with societal impact

18 August 2026

A large-scale study by researchers from Maastricht UMC+ and Amsterdam UMC demonstrates that lower socioeconomic status (SES) of patients admitted to Dutch intensive care units contributes to worse survival.

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Fatma Karapinar appointed as Professor in Medication Safety

Fatma Karapinar appointed as Professor in Medication Safety

12 August 2026

As of 1 June 2026, Dr Fatma Karapinar has been appointed Professor of Medication Safety at Maastricht University.

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Carim Maastricht
Carim Maastricht

Bastiaan de Galan

Professor

Bastiaan de Galan studied medicine at the University of Amsterdam, graduating in 1994. He subsequently worked as a resident in the Department of Internal Medicine at Diakonessenhuis in Utrecht before beginning his specialist training in internal medicine at Radboud University Medical Center (Radboud UMC) in Nijmegen. He obtained his specialist degree in internal medicine and, in 2003, completed his PhD on impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia in people with type 1 diabetes. Following his training, he joined the medical staff of the Department of Internal Medicine at Radboud UMC, where he continued his translational research in diabetes, with a particular focus on hypoglycaemia and clinical care. In 2018, he coordinated Hypo-RESOLVE, a large European consortium aimed at improving the understanding of hypoglycaemia in people with diabetes through a multidisciplinary approach encompassing clinical, psychological and health-economic research. In 2019, Bastiaan was appointed Professor of Medicine, Clinical Diabetology, at Maastricht University and joined the Department of Internal Medicine/Endocrinology at Maastricht UMC+, while continuing to work part-time at Radboud UMC. He is actively involved in the training and supervision of medical students, residents and PhD candidates, as well as in diabetes education at national and international levels. He also contributes to the development of national guidelines for diabetes management.

His current research builds on his longstanding interest in improving the lives of people with diabetes by reducing the risk and impact of hypoglycaemia. A major focus is on understanding the consequences of hypoglycaemia, including the role of the stress hormone adrenaline in inflammatory responses to hypoglycaemia and its potential contribution to cardiovascular disease risk. Another area of his research, supported by the European Commission, investigates the potential benefits of an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven mobile application that provides insulin dose recommendations for people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes receiving intensive insulin treatment with insulin pens. The application runs on conventional smartphones and combines carbohydrate estimation from food photographs with an insulin-dosing algorithm to provide personalised insulin dose recommendations. It is currently being evaluated in a multicentre randomised controlled trial involving study centres in the Netherlands, Denmark and Greece. As part of this project, Bastiaan also investigates the role of health literacy and numeracy, which are becoming increasingly important as technological innovations become more integrated into clinical diabetes management.

Bastiaan de galan klein

Department of Internal Medicine/Endocrinology
P. Debeyelaan 25, 6229 HX
Room number: 5.A2-037
Telephone: +31433877011

  • 2024
    • Divilly, P., Martine-Edith, G., Zaremba, N., Søholm, U., Mahmoudi, Z., Cigler, M., Ali, N., Abbink, E. J., Brøsen, J., de Galan, B., Pedersen-Bjergaard, U., Vaag, A. A., McCrimmon, R. J., Renard, E., Heller, S., Evans, M., Mader, J. K., Amiel, S. A., Pouwer, F., ... Hypo-RESOLVE Consortium (2024). Relationship Between Sensor-Detected Hypoglycemia and Patient-Reported Hypoglycemia in People With Type 1 and Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes: The Hypo-METRICS Study. Diabetes Care, 47(10), 1769-1777. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc23-2332
    • Mellor, J., Kuznetsov, D., Heller, S., Gall, M.-A., Rosilio, M., Amiel, S. A., Ibberson, M., Mc Gurnaghan, S., Blackbourn, L., Berthon, W., Salem, A., Qu, Y., Mccrimmon, R. J., de Galan, B. E., Pedersen-Bjergaard, U., Leaviss, J., Mc Keigue, P. M., & Colhoun, H. M. (2024). Estimating risk of consequences following hypoglycaemia exposure using the Hypo-RESOLVE cohort: a secondary analysis of pooled data from insulin clinical trials. Diabetologia, 67(10), 2210-2224. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-024-06225-1
    • Søholm, U., Broadley, M., Zaremba, N., Divilly, P., Baumann, P. M., Mahmoudi, Z., Martine-Edith, G., Mader, J. K., Cigler, M., Brøsen, J. M. B., Vaag, A., Heller, S., Pedersen-Bjergaard, U., McCrimmon, R. J., Renard, E., Evans, M., de Galan, B., Abbink, E., Amiel, S. A., ... Hypo-RESOLVE Consortium (2024). The impact of hypoglycaemia on daily functioning among adults with diabetes: a prospective observational study using the Hypo-METRICS app. Diabetologia, 67(10), 2160-2174. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-024-06233-1
    • Van Hulten, V., Sarodnik, C., Driessen, J. H. M., Viggers, R., Rasmussen, N. H., Geusens, P. P. M. M., Schaper, N., Schram, M. T., De Galan, B. E., Koster, A., Bours, S. P. G., Vestergaard, P., Stehouwer, C. D. A., & van den Bergh, J. P. (2024). Bone microarchitecture and strength assessed by HRpQCT in individuals with type 2 diabetes and prediabetes: the Maastricht study. JBMR plus, 8(9), Article ziae086. https://doi.org/10.1093/jbmrpl/ziae086
    • Ajie, M., van Heck, J. I. P., Verhulst, C. E. M., Fabricius, T. W., Hendriksz, M. S., McCrimmon, R. J., Pedersen-Bjergaard, U., de Galan, B., Stienstra, R., & Tack, C. J. (2024). Real-life hypoglycaemia partially blunts the inflammatory response to experimental hypoglycaemia in people with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Obesity & Metabolism, 26(9), 3696-3704. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.15712
    • Martine-Edith, G., Zaremba, N., Divilly, P., Søholm, U., Broadley, M., Baumann, P. M., Mahmoudi, Z., Gomes, M., Ali, N., Abbink, E. J., de Galan, B. E., Brøsen, J. M. B., Pedersen-Bjergaard, U., Vaag, A. A., McCrimmon, R., Renard, E., Heller, S., Evans, M., Cigler, M., ... Hypo-RESOLVE Consortium (2024). Associations between hypoglycemia awareness status and symptoms of hypoglycemia among adults with type 1 or insulin-treated type 2 diabetes using the Hypo-METRICS smartphone application. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics, 26(8), 566-574. https://doi.org/10.1089/dia.2023.0596
    • de Galan, B. E. (2024). Diabetes and brain disorders, a new role for insulin?Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 163, Article 105775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105775
    • Svensson, C. H., Fabricius, T. W., Verhulst, C. E. M., Kristensen, P. L., Tack, C. J., Heller, S. R., Amiel, S. A., McCrimmon, R. J., Evans, M., Holst, J. J., de Galan, B. E., & Pedersen-Bjergaard, U. (2024). Association between recent exposure to continuous glucose monitoring-recorded hypoglycaemia and counterregulatory and symptom responses to subsequent controlled hypoglycaemia in people with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Obesity & Metabolism, 26(8), 3213-3222. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.15649
    • Zaremba, N., Martine-Edith, G., Divilly, P., Soholm, U., Broadley, M., Ali, N., Abbink, E. J., de Galan, B., Cigler, M., Mader, J. K., Brosen, J., Pedersen-Bjergaard, U., Vaag, A., Evans, M., Renard, E., Mccrimmon, R. J., Heller, S., Speight, J., Pouwer, F., ... Hypo-RESOLVE Consortium (2024). Associations of clinical, psychological, and sociodemographic characteristics and ecological momentary assessment completion in the 10-week Hypo-METRICS study: Hypoglycaemia MEasurements ThResholds and ImpaCtS. Diabetic Medicine, 41(8), Article e15345. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.15345
    • Vickneson, K., Blackburn, J., Gallagher, J. R., Evans, M. L., de Galan, B. E., Pedersen-Bjergaard, U., Thorens, B., McNeilly, A. D., & McCrimmon, R. J. (2024). Correction: Cold-induced dishabituation in rodents exposed to recurrent hypoglycaemia. Diabetologia, 67(8), 1723. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-024-06187-4
    • McNeilly, A. D., Gallagher, J. R., Evans, M. L., de Galan, B. E., Pedersen-Bjergaard, U., Thorens, B., Dinkova-Kostova, A. T., Huang, J.-T., Ashford, M. L. J., McCrimmon, R. J., & Hypo-RESOLVE Consortium (2024). Correction to: Chronic hyperglycaemia increases the vulnerability of the hippocampus to oxidative damage induced during post-hypoglycaemic hyperglycaemia in a mouse model of chemically induced type 1 diabetes: Chronic hyperglycaemia increases the vulnerability of the hippocampus to oxidative damage induced during post-hypoglycaemic hyperglycaemia in a mouse model of chemically induced type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia, 67(8), 1724. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-024-06188-3
    • Carlton, J., Powell, P. A., Broadley, M., de Galan, B. E., Heller, S., Comins, J., Rosilio, M., Pouwer, F., Gall, M. A., Child, C. J., McCrimmon, R. J., & Rowen, D. (2024). Development of a new health-related quality of life measure for people with diabetes who experience hypoglycaemia: the Hypo-RESOLVE QoL. Diabetologia, 67(8), 1536-1551. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-024-06182-9
    • Mellor, J., Kuznetsov, D., Heller, S., Gall, M.-A., Rosilio, M., Amiel, S. A., Ibberson, M., McGurnaghan, S., Blackbourn, L., Berthon, W., Salem, A., Qu, Y., McCrimmon, R. J., de Galan, B. E., Pedersen-Bjergaard, U., Leaviss, J., McKeigue, P. M., & Colhoun, H. M. (2024). Risk factors and prediction of hypoglycaemia using the Hypo-RESOLVE cohort: a secondary analysis of pooled data from insulin clinical trials. Diabetologia, 67(8), 1588-1601. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-024-06177-6
    • Martine-Edith, G., Divilly, P., Zaremba, N., Søholm, U., Broadley, M., Baumann, P. M., Mahmoudi, Z., Gomes, M., Ali, N., Abbink, E. J., de Galan, B. E., Brøsen, J. M. B., Pedersen-Bjergaard, U., Vaag, A. A., McCrimmon, R., Renard, E., Heller, S., Evans, M., Cigler, M., ... Hypo-RESOLVE Consortium (2024). A Comparison of the Rates of Clock-Based Nocturnal Hypoglycemia and Hypoglycemia While Asleep Among People Living with Diabetes: findings from the Hypo-METRICS study. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics, 26(7), 433-441. https://doi.org/10.1089/dia.2023.0522
    • Brakenridge, C. J., Koster, A., de Galan, B. E., Carver, A., Dumuid, D., Dzakpasu, F. Q. S., Eussen, S. J. P. M., Savelberg, H. H. C. M., Bosma, H., Owen, N., Schaper, N. C., Healy, G. N., & Dunstan, D. W. (2024). Associations of 24 h time-use compositions of sitting, standing, physical activity and sleeping with optimal cardiometabolic risk and glycaemic control: The Maastricht Study. Diabetologia, 67(7), 1356-1367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-024-06145-0
    • van Gennip, A. C. E., Gupta, M. D., Houben, A. J. H. M., Berendschot, T. T. J. M., Webers, C. A. B., van Greevenbroek, M. M. J., van der Kallen, C. J. H., Koster, A., Wesselius, A., Eussen, S. J. P. M., Schalkwijk, C. G., de Galan, B. E., Köhler, S., Schram, M. T., Stehouwer, C. D. A., & van Sloten, T. T. (2024). Retinal microvascular function and incidence and trajectories of clinically relevant depressive symptoms: the Maastricht Study. Psychological Medicine, 54(10), 2482-2491. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291724000618
    • DeJong, N. R., Jansen, J. F. A., van Boxtel, M. P. J., Schram, M. T., Stehouwer, C. D. A., van Greevenbroek, M. M. J., van der Kallen, C. J. H., Koster, A., Eussen, S. J. P. M., de Galan, B. E., Backes, W. H., & Köhler, S. (2024). Brain structure and connectivity mediate the association between lifestyle and cognition: The Maastricht Study. Brain Communications, 6(3), Article fcae171. https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcae171
    • Culverhouse, J., Hillsdon, M., Koster, A., Bosma, H., de Galan, B. E., Savelberg, H. H. C. M., & Pulsford, R. (2024). Cross-sectional associations between patterns and composition of upright and stepping events with physical function: insights from The Maastricht Study. European Review of Aging and Physical Activity, 21(1), Article 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11556-024-00343-w
    • Lear, R., Metcalf, B., Hillsdon, M., Bond, B., Koster, A., Vandercappellen, E., de Galan, B., Berendschot, T. T. J. M., Houben, A., Kooman, J., Kroon, A. A., Bosma, H., Eussen, S. J. P. M., & Pulsford, R. (2024). Associations of between- and within-day patterns of physical activity accumulation with arterial stiffness and indices of microvascular health—Evidence from The Maastricht study. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 34(5), Article e14649. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14649
    • Fabricius, T. W., Verhulst, C. E. M., Kristensen, P. L., Holst, J. J., Tack, C. J., McCrimmon, R. J., Heller, S. R., Evans, M. L., de Galan, B. E., Pedersen-Bjergaard, U., & Hypo-RESOLVE Consortium (2024). Counterregulatory hormone and symptom responses to hypoglycaemia in people with type 1 diabetes, insulin-treated type 2 diabetes or without diabetes: the Hypo-RESOLVE hypoglycaemic clamp study. Acta Diabetologica, 61(5), 623-633. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-024-02239-8
    • den Brok, E. J., Svensson, C. H., Panagiotou, M., van Greevenbroek, M. M. J., Mertens, P. R., Vazeou, A., Mitrakou, A., Makrilakis, K., Franssen, G. H. L. M., van Kuijk, S., Proennecke, S., Mougiakakou, S., Pedersen-Bjergaard, U., de Galan, B. E., & Melissa Consortium (2024). The effect of bolus advisors on glycaemic parameters in adults with diabetes on intensive insulin therapy: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Diabetes Obesity & Metabolism, 26(5), 1950-1961. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.15521
    • Drenthen, L. C. A., Ajie, M., Teerenstra, S., Abbink, E. J., Bakker, E. A., Thijssen, D. H. J., Tack, C. J., & de Galan, B. E. (2024). Impact of sedentary behaviour on glucose concentration in people with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Obesity & Metabolism, 26(3), 1142-1143. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.15397
    • Verhulst, C. E. M., van Heck, J. I. P., Fabricius, T. W., Stienstra, R., Teerenstra, S., McCrimmon, R. J., Tack, C. J., Pedersen-Bjergaard, U., de Galan, B. E., & Hypo-RESOLVE Consortium (2024). The impact of prior exposure to hypoglycaemia on the inflammatory response to a subsequent hypoglycaemic episode. Cardiovascular Diabetology, 23(1), Article 55. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-023-02095-w
    • Zuidema, X., de Galan, B., Brouwer, B., Cohen, S., Eldabe, S., Argoff, C., Huygen, F., & Van Zundert, J. (2024). Painful diabetic polyneuropathy. Pain Practice, 24(2), 308-320. https://doi.org/10.1111/papr.13308
    • Meisters, R., Albers, J., Sezer, B., de Galan, B. E., Eussen, S. J. P. M., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Schram, M. T., van Greevenbroek, M. M. J., Wesselius, A., Koster, A., & Bosma, H. (2024). Socioeconomic inequalities in health-related functioning among people with type 2 Diabetes: longitudinal analyses in the Maastricht Study. BMC Public Health, 24(1), Article 73. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-17553-z
    • Drenthen, L. C. A., de Baaij, J. H. F., Rodwell, L., van Herwaarden, A. E., Tack, C. J., & de Galan, B. E. (2024). Oral magnesium supplementation does not affect insulin sensitivity in people with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes and a low serum magnesium: a randomised controlled trial. Diabetologia, 67(1), 52-61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-023-06029-9
  • 2023
    • van Herpt, T. T. W., van Rosmalen, F., Hulsewé, H. P. M. G., van der Horst-Schrivers, A. N. A., Driessen, M., Jetten, R., Zelis, N., de Galan, B. E., van Kuijk, S. M. J., van der Horst, I. C. C., & van Bussel, B. C. T. (2023). Hyperglycemia and glucose variability are associated with worse survival in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients: the prospective Maastricht Intensive Care Covid Cohort. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, 15(1), Article 253. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-023-01228-1
    • Drenthen, L. C. A., Ajie, M., Bakker, E. A., Abbink, E. J., Thijssen, D. H. J., Tack, C. J., & de Galan, B. E. (2023). Daily unstructured physical activity affects mean glucose, occurrence of hypoglycaemia and glucose variability in people with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Obesity & Metabolism, 25(12), 3837-3840. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.15277
    • Verhulst, C. E. M., van Heck, J. I. P., Fabricius, T. W., Stienstra, R., Teerenstra, S., McCrimmon, R. J., Tack, C. J., Pedersen-Bjergaard, U., de Galan, B. E., & Hypo-RESOLVE Consortium (2023). Hypoglycaemia induces a sustained pro-inflammatory response in people with type 1 diabetes and healthy controls. Diabetes Obesity & Metabolism, 25(11), 3114-3124. Article 15205. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.15205
    • Mokhtar, S. B. A., van der Heide, F. C. T., Oyaert, K. A. M., van der Kallen, C. J. H., Berendschot, T. T. J. M., Scarpa, F., Colonna, A., de Galan, B. E., van Greevenbroek, M. M. J., Dagnelie, P. C., Schalkwijk, C. G., Nuijts, R. M. M. A., Schaper, N. C., Kroon, A. A., Schram, M. T., Webers, C. A. B., & Stehouwer, C. D. A. (2023). (Pre)diabetes and a higher level of glycaemic measures are continuously associated with corneal neurodegeneration assessed by corneal confocal microscopy: the Maastricht Study. Diabetologia, 66(11), 2030-2041. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-023-05986-5
    • Chatwin, H., Broadley, M., Hendrieckx, C., Carlton, J., Heller, S., Amiel, S. A., de Galan, B., McCrimmon, R. J., Pedersen-Bjergaard, U., Pouwer, F., Speight, J., & Hypo-RESOLVE Consortium (2023). The impact of hypoglycaemia on quality of life among adults with type 1 diabetes: Results from "YourSAY: Hypoglycaemia". Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications, 37(11), Article 108232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2022.108232
    • Albers, J. D., Meertens, R. M., Savelberg, H. H. C. M., Köhler, S., Wesselius, A., Schram, M. T., Stehouwer, C. D. A., de Galan, B. E., van Greevenbroek, M. M. J., van der Kallen, C. J. H., Eussen, S. J. P. M., Bosma, H., Schaper, N. C., & Koster, A. (2023). Both short and long sleep durations are associated with type 2 diabetes, independent from traditional lifestyle risk factors-The Maastricht Study. Sleep Health, 9(5), 733-741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2023.06.009
    • Søholm, U., Zaremba, N., Broadley, M., Axelsen, J. L., Divilly, P., Martine-Edith, G., Amiel, S. A., Mader, J. K., Pedersen-Bjergaard, U., McCrimmon, R. J., Renard, E., Evans, M., de Galan, B., Heller, S., Hendrieckx, C., Choudhary, P., Speight, J., Pouwer, F., & Hypo-RESOLVE Consortium (2023). Assessing the Content Validity, Acceptability, and Feasibility of the Hypo-METRICS App: Survey and Interview Study. JMIR Diabetes, 8(1), Article e42100. https://doi.org/10.2196/42100
    • Ali, N., El Hamdaoui, S., Nefs, G., Walburgh Schmidt, J. W. J., Tack, C. J., & de Galan, B. E. (2023). High diabetes-specific distress among adults with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia despite widespread use of sensor technology. Diabetic Medicine, 40(9), Article e15167. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.15167
    • Erdős, B., Van sloun, B., Goossens, G. H., O’donovan, S. D., De galan, B. E., Van greevenbroek, M. M. J., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Schram, M. T., Blaak, E. E., Adriaens, M. E., Van riel, N. A. W., & Arts, I. C. W. (2023). Quantifying postprandial glucose responses using a hybrid modeling approach: Combining mechanistic and data-driven models in The Maastricht Study. PLOS ONE, 18(7), Article e0285820. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285820
    • Jansen, T. J. P., Buitinga, M., Boss, M., Nijhoff, M. F., Brom, M., de Galan, B. E., van der Graaf, M., van Koeverden, S., Vantyghem, M.-C., Beron, A., Pattou, F., Engelse, M. A., Velikyan, I., Eriksson, O., de Koning, E. J. P., & Gotthardt, M. (2023). Monitoring β-Cell Survival After Intrahepatic Islet Transplantation Using Dynamic Exendin PET Imaging: A Proof-of-Concept Study in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes, 72(7), 898-907. https://doi.org/10.2337/db22-0884
    • McNeilly, A. D., Gallagher, J. R., Evans, M. L., de Galan, B. E., Pedersen-Bjergaard, U., Thorens, B., Dinkova-Kostova, A. T., Huang, J. T., Ashford, M. L. J., McCrimmon, R. J., & Hypo-RESOLVE Consortium (2023). Chronic hyperglycaemia increases the vulnerability of the hippocampus to oxidative damage induced during post-hypoglycaemic hyperglycaemia in a mouse model of chemically induced type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia, 66(7), 1340-1352. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-023-05907-6
    • Zuidema, X., van Daal, E., van Geel, I., de Geus, T. J., van Kuijk, S. M. J., de Galan, B. E., de Meij, N., & Van Zundert, J. (2023). Long-term Evaluation of Spinal Cord Stimulation in Patients With Painful Diabetic Polyneuropathy: An Eight-to-Ten-Year Prospective Cohort Study. Neuromodulation, 26(5), 1074-1080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurom.2022.12.003
    • Siegelaar, S. E., & de Galan, B. E. (2023). Resistance Training: a Strong Case for People With Type 1 Diabetes?Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 108(7), e491-e492. https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgad037
    • Drenthen, L. C. A., Ajie, M., Abbink, E. J., Rodwell, L., Thijssen, D. H. J., Tack, C. J., & de Galan, B. E. (2023). No insulin degludec dose adjustment required after aerobic exercise for people with type 1 diabetes: the ADREM study. Diabetologia, 66(6), 1035-1044. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-023-05893-9
    • Dzakpasu, F. Q. S., Koster, A., Owen, N., de Galan, B. E., Carver, A., Brakenridge, C. J., Boonen, A., Bosma, H., Dagnelie, P. C., Sethi, P., Eussen, S. J. P. M., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Schaper, N. C., & Dunstan, D. W. (2023). Device-measured sitting time and musculoskeletal pain in adults with normal glucose metabolism, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes-The Maastricht Study. PLOS ONE, 18(5), Article e0285276. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285276
    • Leskinen, T., Lima Passos, V., Dagnelie, P. C., Savelberg, H. H. C. M., De Galan, B. E., Eussen, S. J. P. M., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Stenholm, S., & Koster, A. (2023). Daily Physical Activity Patterns and Their Associations with Cardiometabolic Biomarkers: The Maastricht Study. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 55(5), 837-846. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003108
    • Chatwin, H., Broadley, M., de Galan, B., Bazelmans, E., Speight, J., Pouwer, F., & Nefs, G. (2023). Effectiveness of educational and behavioural interventions for reducing fear of hypoglycaemia among adults with type 1 diabetes: Systematic review and meta-analyses. Diabetic Medicine, 40(5), Article e15071. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.15071
    • Ali, N., El Hamdaoui, S., Schouwenberg, B. J., Tack, C. J., & de Galan, B. E. (2023). Fall in prevalence of impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Diabetic Medicine, 40(4), Article e15042. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.15042
    • Soholm, U., Broadley, M., Zaremba, N., Divilly, P., Nefs, G., Carlton, J. K., Mader, J., Baumann, P. M., Gomes, M., Martine-Edith, G. J., Pollard, D., Rath, D., Heller, S., Pedersen-Bjergaard, U. J., McCrimmon, R., Renard, E., Evans, M., de Galan, B., Forkmann, T. A., ... Hypo-RESOLVE Consortium (2023). Psychometric properties of an innovative smartphone application to investigate the daily impact of hypoglycemia in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes: The Hypo-METRICS app. PLOS ONE, 18(3), Article e0283148. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283148
    • Carlton, J., Powell, P., Rowen, D., Broadley, M., Pouwer, F., Speight, J., Heller, S., Gall, M.-A., Rosilio, M., Child, C. J., Comins, J., McCrimmon, R. J., de Galan, B., Brazier, J., & Hypo-RESOLVE Consortium (2023). Producing a preference-based quality of LIFE measure to quantify the impact of HYPOGLYCAEMIA on people living with diabetes: A mixed-methods research protocol. Diabetic Medicine, 40(3), Article e15007. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.15007
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